I have recently listened to lectures by Maarten Hoenen
Antike und mittelalterliche Philosophie
http://podcasts.uni-freiburg.de/podcast_content?id_content=164
He has considered in his lectures
Plato
Aristotle
Plotinus
Augustine of Hippo
Avicenna
Anselm of Canterbury
Albertus Magnus
Thomas Aquinas
Meister Eckhart
Duns Scotus
William of Ockham
Nicolaus Cusanus
Descartes
I have found lectures pretty interesting. They show how Christian philosophers in a search for rational explanation of God have made strong foundation of modern science. See for example my small note Christianity Doctrine and Modern Scientific Research Program. A good companion for the lectures would be the book The Clockwork Universe: Isaac Newton, the Royal Society, and the Birth of the Modern World by Edward Dolnick. The book shows nicely that for scientists in the 17-th century, the God was the proof that the Laws of Nature exist and that a scientist can find them. The lectures of Maarten Hoenen on the other hand show how the European society came to such a conclusion.
Hence no doubt, that the foundations of science that we know lie in Christianity. This coincides with the conclusion in the book The Soul of Science: Christian Faith and Natural Philosophy. See also Collingwood on Monotheism and Science.
In the light of the above, Van Fraassen’s The God of the philosophers is dead seems to be a good way to proceed.